Introduction to Equilibrium

In Systems of Equilibrium you will examine chemical equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium is something you may not have thought much about, but it is present and it affects many of the chemical systems you have investigated in this course. For example, in the last module you prepared esters. When you cooled the esters on ice, you were manipulating an equilibrium so that you would be better able to collect and observe the ester you had synthesized.

Other examples of chemical equilibrium are found in biological systems, chemical interactions, and industrial applications. In this module you will investigate many systems and how they demonstrate the principles of systems at equilibrium. You will learn how equilibrium can be classified, studied, and manipulated. You will learn how to predict changes to equilibrium when a system that appears to remain constant is stressed, and you will learn the scientific principles involved when systems are stressed.

In System in Equilibrium you will investigate the following questions:

• What is happening in a system at equilibrium?
• How do scientists predict shifts in the equilibrium of a system?

As you approach the end of the module, you will come to understand many aspects of equilibrium and how systems in equilibrium behave. You will be asked to pay special attention to specific properties of each of the systems you investigate.